How to Cut Down on Your Cars Greenhouse Gases

Greenhouse gases, responsible for global climate change, are emitted in large part from the combustion of fossil fuels like oil, coal, and natural gas. Most of the emissions from fossil fuels come from power plants, but second ranked is transportation. In addition to carbon dioxide, motor vehicles release particulate pollution, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds. Maybe you have already adjusted many aspects of your lifestyle to reduce your carbon footprint, including installing LED lights, turning down the thermostat, and eating less meat. However, in your driveway sits glaring evidence of one source of greenhouse gas that you could not get rid of: your car. For many of us, especially in rural areas, bicycling or walking to school and to work may not be an option, and public transportation may simply not be available. Do not fret; there are still actions you can take to lower the pollution and greenhouse gas emissions you produce when driving. Fuel Economy vs. Emissions We generally assume a vehicle with better fuel economy will also release fewer harmful emissions, including greenhouse gases. The correlation generally holds true, with a few caveats. Decades-old vehicles were built under much more relaxed emissions regulations and can be prodigious pollution producers despite a relatively modest thirst for fuel. Similarly, you may be getting 80 miles per gallon on that old two-stroke scooter, but that smoke will contain much more harmful pollutants, much of it from partially burned gasoline. And then there are the cars with emission control systems releasing illegal amounts of pollution, like those finger-pointed during the infamous Volkswagen small diesel engine scandal. The obvious place to start to reduce emissions, of course, is by choosing a modern vehicle with the best possible fuel economy. Models can be compared using a handy web tool put together by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Be realistic about your needs: how many times a year will you really need a pick-up truck, sport-utility vehicle, or minivan? Performance is another fuel economy killer, but if you really want a sportier car, favor a four-cylinder model with a turbocharger instead of a larger six or eight (or twelve!) cylinder car. The turbo kicks in on demand, with the more frugal four cylinders doing the work the rest of the time. Manual vs. Automatic Not so long ago manual transmissions provided better fuel economy than automatic transmissions. It was a good excuse for those who love to row their own gears but modern automatic transmissions, which now have 5, 6, and even more gears, provide better mileage. Continuous Variable Transmissions (CVT) are even better at maintaining the engine’s revolutions at the right speed, beating even the most skilled stick-shift enthusiasts. Older Car, Newer Car Older cars were designed and constructed in the context of emission regulations that were much less restrictive than they are today. Much improvement has been made in the 1960s, with the development of the catalytic converter and fuel injection, but it wasn’t until the soaring gas prices in the 1970s that real fuel efficiency gains were made. Amendments to the Clean Air Act gradually improved car emissions starting in 1990, with important gains made in 2004 and 2010. Generally, a more recent car will have better technology to reduce emissions including electronic direct fuel injection, smarter electronic control units, lower drag coefficient, and improved transmissions. Maintenance You probably heard this one before: simply keeping your tires inflated to the proper level will save you in fuel costs. Under-inflated tires will cost you as much as 3% in fuel costs, according to the DOE. Maintaining proper pressure will also improve your stopping distance, reduce risks of skidding, rollovers, and blowouts. Check for the appropriate pressure on a sticker located in the jam of the driver-side door; do not refer to the pressure value printed on the tire sidewall. Replace your engine air filter at the interval specified in your owner’s manual, or more frequently if you drive in especially dusty conditions. The dirtier your air filter is, the more fuel you will use. Do not ignore lit check engine lights, even when you feel like the car is operating normally. Often the emissions control system is a fault, which means you are polluting more than usual. Bring the car to your mechanic for a proper diagnostic, it may save you from more expensive damage later on. Car Modifications After-market performance modifications abound in some types of cars – louder exhaust pipes, modified air intakes, reprogrammed fuel injection. All those features increase your engine’s fuel needs, so get rid of them or better yet don’t install them in the first place. Larger tires and suspension lifts need to go too. Roof racks and cargo boxes should be put away when not in use, as they severely affect fuel economy, especially on smaller cars. Empty your car trunk too, as it takes extra fuel to carry around that golf bag you never have time to get out, or those crates of books you’ve been meaning to drop off at the thrift store. What’s Your Driving Style? Driving behavior is another place where you can make a big difference in your emissions and fuel use without spending any money. Slow down: according to AAA, going 60 mph instead of 70 mph on a 20-mile commute will save you 1.3 gallons on average over the work week. Accelerate and stop gently, and coast while you can. Keep your windows up to reduce drag; even running the air conditioning requires less energy. Letting your car idle in the morning is unnecessary, uses fuel, and produces useless emissions. Instead, gently warm up your engine by accelerating smoothly and keeping a lower speed until your car reaches its operating temperature.

Learning Objectives And Outcomes Of An Adult With A...

Learning Objectives Outcomes †¢ By the end of this lecture you will have a better understanding of what Motivation is and the theory behind it. †¢ You will have a better understanding of what Self-Determination is and why it is important to an adult with a learning disability (LD) †¢ You will have a greater knowledge of ways to empower and motivate an adult with a learning disability, as well as you will have gained techniques to foster self-determination and success for persons with LDs in a classroom environment . Before you begin Before reading the rest of this document, take a few moments and reflect on what you believe the term â€Å"motivation† means, as well as the term â€Å"self-determination’. Why do you think it is important for someone with a learning disability to have â€Å"self-determination†? What kind of things could a facilitator do to motivate an adult with a learning disability? Lastly, what has motivated you to take this course? 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Swot And Analytical Tools Business Analysis Tools

INTERGRATED AND ANALYTICAL TOOLS Pranit Pravinesh Singh Student ID # 204336036 November 29, 2015 Colorado Technical University INTERGRATED AND ANALYTICAL TOOLS Business analysis tools are different techniques investors use to assess a company’s operations. In most cases, the purpose of the analysis is to determine how effective or efficient a company is in the overall market locally, nationally and globally. A scan of the internal and external environment is an important part of this strategic planning process. A few different tools are commonly used such as SWOT, PESTEL, Comparative and Porter’s Five Forces. Each one takes a different approach when reviewing the company’s financial and nonfinancial aspects. SWOT and PESTEL analysis are the two tools that will work best for a global strategy. A company has to focus on both external and internal factors before moving out globally. SWOT analysis helps to focus on both external and internal factors. 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Benefits of Ganoderma Lucidum free essay sample

Lucidum Ganoderma contains nutrients can help the human body to maintain its health, or improve its level of health if there are problems. Ganoderma is aimed to work on body but not on the disease. Promoting your natural immune system helps in balancing the body and in turn treats itself for a wide range of health problems. Ganoderma promotes general good health and vitality. It also has a harmonising effect on the body and helps maintain body balance. Antioxidants neutralize the oxidant effect of free radicals of normal cellular respiration and metabolism. Ganoderma is one of the most potent anti oxidants at 23,500 I. U’sIn healthy the body has a healthy heart, healthy blood pressure, healthy cholesterol levels, normal blood sugar levels, and a healthy respiratory system. All the organs in the body operate withoutproblemsGanoderma maintains and improves general Well-being. Ganoderma lucidum is the scientific name for a species of red mushroom that once grew in the wild and is now being cultivated at special farms, in pristine growing conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of Ganoderma Lucidum or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ganoderma contains more than 200 active elements that are known to improve health. Here are a few that modern science is currently focusing on:Polysaccharides * Strengthen the body’s immune system * Balance blood sugar level and improves pancreatic functions * Protect against degeneration of skin cells and eliminates dead surface cells which improves skin texture and reduces the appearance of aging * Controls destruction of healthy cells throughout the body * Eliminates accumulated toxinsOrganic Germanium Increases oxygen in the blood system * Reduces fatigue and increases vitality * Strengthens the immune system * Increases the metabolism * Contains an abundance of anti-oxidants that control or inhibit damaging free radicals. Free radicals are a major cause of cell degeneration, cancer and aging. Assists our body’s natural ability to fight cancer cellsAdenosine * Reduces cholesterol and body fat * Helps to unclog arteries plugged with fatty deposits, and supports liver function * Balances the metabolic rate and boosts energy Prevents fragmentation of platelets which can cause blockages in the circulatory systemTriterpenoid * Fortifies and improves the digestive system * Inhibits allergies, relieves sinus congestion, and helps with respiratory problems * Reduces cholesterol and fatGanoderic Essence * Rejuvenates the body’s tissues and cells * Boosts all the body’s functions * Helps to maintain youthfulness and contributes to improved vitality * Overcomes skin disorders and beautifies the skil * Is effective for relieving external problems such as scrapes, skin wounds, psoriasis, bug bites, stings, sunburn, mouth ulcers, and external bleeding. Research has demonstrated that Ganoderma Lucidum has several different active constituents. One group of active constituents is the polysaccharides. The various types of polysaccharides found in Ganoderma Lucidum have demonstrated immune-enhancing properties. This includes enhancement of several important interleukins. Another major class of compounds is the triterpenes. These compounds have been reported to have adaptogenic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-allergy effects. Cardiovascular Benefits Ganoderma Lucidum has been shown in some studies to inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce blood pressure. In studies of people with hypertension, researchers found blood pressure was significantly reduced over two-weeks time with reishi supplementation. Immune Benefits Ganoderma Lucidum is commonly prescribed by practitioners for long-term immune system support. In studies involving patients with advanced tumors, the patients were given Ganoderma Lucidum for thirty days. Researchers found a marked immune-modulating effect as demonstrated by an increase in T lymphocytes and decreased CD8 counts. Patients also reported reduced side effects due to chemotherapy or radiation as well as postoperation recovery. Blood Sugar Balance Studies have shown Ganoderma Lucidum to have a blood sugar lowering effect. Much of this activity appears to be due to polysaccharides known as Ganoderans A, B, and C. It appears there are three main mechanisms behind this hypoglycemic effect. This includes Ganoderma Lucidums ability to elevate plasma insulin levels, to enhance peripheral tissue utilization of glucose, and to enhance liver metabolism of glucose. Anti-inflammatory Effects Studies have shown that hot-water extracts of Ganoderma Lucidum have anti-inflammatory effects. One study found that 50 milligrams of reishi powder had comparable effects to 5 milligrams of hydrocortisone. Liver Protector Ganoderma Lucidum is commonly used for its hepatoprotective (liver protective) action. One study of patients with hepatitis B and elevated liver enzymes (SGOT/SGPT) and bilirubin were given reishi for three months. Significant reduction in SGOT and SGPT were noticed within one month. After hree months all values were within normal range. Oxygenation One of the unique uses of Ganoderma Lucidum is for altitude sickness.